openssl_public_encrypt
Another way to get random 32bit ints:
function myRand($max){
do{
$result = floor($max*(hexdec(bin2hex(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(4)))/0xffffffff));
}while($result == $max);
return $result;
}
openssl_random_pseudo_bytes
(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0)
openssl_random_pseudo_bytes — Generate a pseudo-random string of bytes
Beschreibung
string openssl_random_pseudo_bytes
( int
$length
[, bool &$crypto_strong
] )
Generates a string of pseudo-random bytes, with the number of bytes
determined by the length parameter.
It also indicates if a cryptographically strong algorithm was used to produce the
pseudo-random bytes, and does this via the optional crypto_strong
parameter. It's rare for this to be FALSE, but some systems may be broken or old.
Parameter-Liste
-
length -
The length of the desired string of bytes. Must be a positive integer. PHP will try to cast this parameter to a non-null integer to use it.
-
crypto_strong -
If passed into the function, this will hold a boolean value that determines if the algorithm used was "cryptographically strong", e.g., safe for usage with GPG, passwords, etc.
TRUEif it did, otherwiseFALSE
Rückgabewerte
Returns the generated string of bytes on success, Im Fehlerfall wird FALSE zurückgegeben..
Beispiele
Beispiel #1 openssl_random_pseudo_bytes() example
<?php
for ($i = -1; $i <= 4; $i++) {
$bytes = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($i, $cstrong);
$hex = bin2hex($bytes);
echo "Lengths: Bytes: $i and Hex: " . strlen($hex) . PHP_EOL;
var_dump($hex);
var_dump($cstrong);
echo PHP_EOL;
}
?>
Das oben gezeigte Beispiel erzeugt eine ähnliche Ausgabe wie:
Lengths: Bytes: -1 and Hex: 0 string(0) "" NULL Lengths: Bytes: 0 and Hex: 0 string(0) "" NULL Lengths: Bytes: 1 and Hex: 2 string(2) "42" bool(true) Lengths: Bytes: 2 and Hex: 4 string(4) "dc6e" bool(true) Lengths: Bytes: 3 and Hex: 6 string(6) "288591" bool(true) Lengths: Bytes: 4 and Hex: 8 string(8) "ab86d144" bool(true)
add a note
User Contributed Notes
openssl_random_pseudo_bytes - [7 notes]
Anonymous ¶
1 year ago
christophe dot weis at statec dot etat dot lu ¶
1 year ago
Another replacement for rand() using OpenSSL.
Note that a solution where the result is truncated using the modulo operator ( % ) is not cryptographically secure, as the generated numbers are not equally distributed, i.e. some numbers may occur more often than others.
A better solution than using the modulo operator is to drop the result if it is too large and generate a new one.
<?php
function crypto_rand_secure($min, $max) {
$range = $max - $min;
if ($range == 0) return $min; // not so random...
$log = log($range, 2);
$bytes = (int) ($log / 8) + 1; // length in bytes
$bits = (int) $log + 1; // length in bits
$filter = (int) (1 << $bits) - 1; // set all lower bits to 1
do {
$rnd = hexdec(bin2hex(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($bytes, $s)));
$rnd = $rnd & $filter; // discard irrelevant bits
} while ($rnd >= $range);
return $min + $rnd;
}
?>
crrodriguez at opensuse dot org ¶
2 years ago
Remember to request at very least 8 bytes of entropy, ideally 32 or 64, to avoid possible theorical bruteforce attacks.
Tyler Larson ¶
3 years ago
Here's a drop-in replacement for rand() using OpenSSL as your PRNG:
<?php
function crypto_rand($min,$max) {
$range = $max - $min;
if ($range == 0) return $min; // not so random...
$length = (int) (log($range,2) / 8) + 1;
return $min + (hexdec(bin2hex(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($length,$s))) % $range);
}
?>
Tyler Larson ¶
3 years ago
If you don't have this function but you do have OpenSSL installed, you can always fake it:
<?php
function openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($length) {
$length_n = (int) $length; // shell injection is no fun
$handle = popen("/usr/bin/openssl rand $length_n", "r");
$data = stream_get_contents($handle);
pclose($handle);
return $data;
}
?>
acatalept at gmail ¶
2 years ago
FYI, openssl_random_pseudo_bytes() can be incredibly slow under Windows, to the point of being unusable. It frequently times out (>30 seconds execution time) on several Windows machines of mine.
Apparently, it's a known problem with OpenSSL (not PHP specifically).
See: http://www.google.com/search?q=openssl_random_pseudo_bytes+slow
gorgo ¶
3 years ago
a simple way to generate a random password is:
<?php
$password = base64_encode(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($length, $strong));
?>
this function generates a password with a fallback to mt_rand() if no openssl is available:
<?php
/**
* generates a random password, uses base64: 0-9a-zA-Z/+
* @param int [optional] $length length of password, default 24 (144 Bit)
* @return string password
*/
function generatePassword($length = 24) {
if(function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes')) {
$password = base64_encode(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($length, $strong));
if($strong == TRUE)
return substr($password, 0, $length); //base64 is about 33% longer, so we need to truncate the result
}
//fallback to mt_rand if php < 5.3 or no openssl available
$characters = '0123456789';
$characters .= 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/+';
$charactersLength = strlen($characters)-1;
$password = '';
//select some random characters
for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
$password .= $characters[mt_rand(0, $charactersLength)];
}
return $password;
}
?>
note: openssl_random_pseudo_bytes() is considerably slower than mt_rand.